which element of the fire tetrahedron is not affected by a blanket of foam

Oxygen is needed to sustain the combustion reaction since it reacts with the burning fuel to release carbon dioxide and heat. Email Privacy Notice tetrahedron uses the geometric shape of a pyramid as a representation of the four fire properties. fuel, oxygen, and an uninhibited chemical chain reaction all need to be present for a fire to be with a horizontal slash to indicate that the material reacts with water, and the second potential symbol However, the key word that sets combustion apart from other forms of oxidation is the word rapid. refers to this process of the self-perpetuation of a fire based on the combustion capability of the fuel Contact us today to chat to one of our friendly advisers. These fire tetrahedron elements include: Oxygen. The four elements of fire tetrahedron are Fuel (material) Oxygen (oxidizing) and Ignition (spark) and chain reaction which continue the fire. Oxygen c. Carbon Dioxide d. Heat 3. (b) What is the total force of the piano on the floor. Foam is made up of three ingredients - water, foam concentrate and air. The fire itself is the combustion, an ongoing chemical chain reaction that continues to burn and grow until at least one of the three elements of the fire triangle is removed. hbspt.cta._relativeUrls=true;hbspt.cta.load(4871384, 'c2e4399c-8081-441a-9261-3570f93ff7bb', {"useNewLoader":"true","region":"na1"}); What are the Four Components of the Fire Tetrahedron? 1 / 1 pts Question 9 In addition to the number of workers in the workplace and the danger of the work, which other factor is used in determining how many trained first aid providers should be on-site at all times? Combustion reactions, however, also produce heat as they burn, which further increases the fuels temperature. which is the best indicator of impending flashover? on the celsius scale, at what temperature does water begin to freeze? Choose Yours, | Safety and Quality Management System Specialist, WIS Show: Step it up! Fuels are probably the most difficult side of the fire triangle to remove, so its wise to store them appropriately to prevent them becoming a fire hazard. Fire triangle. For example, most solid fuels can be extinguished using Heat. HRR is measured in units of Watts (W), which is an International System unit equal to one Joule per second. Theoretically, fire extinguishers put out fire by taking away one or more elements of the fire tetrahedron. Earths atmosphere consists of 21% oxygen, so there is plenty available to trigger a fire if the other two components are present. To sustain the combustion reaction, oxygen (or an oxidising agent) is needed, as it reacts with the burning fuel to release heat and CO2. Considering just over one-fifth (21%) of the Earths atmosphere is oxygen, you can see why major fires (like wildfires) can burn and spread for days if not weeks or months, in some cases. Fire blankets and extinguishers are designed to quickly put out fires by cutting off the fuel from the supply of oxygen. It is made up of: Oxygen. what is the term for the concentration of fuel vapor in air that can be ignited? oxygen, the fire will continue burning. It has six symmetry planes. The four elements of the fire tetrahedron are the four constituent elements necessary to make a fire, with each element relying on the presence of the other three elements to work. Homes and businesses are full of flammable materials, such as paper, oil, wood and fabrics. All the four elements essentially must be present for the occurrence of fire i.e. 2. sufficiently put out a fire when faced with one. fully developed what is the first stage of fire development? This chemical chain reaction keeps the fire burning by providing adequate heat to sustain the fire. Understanding the fuel removal which is one of the phases of fire development? Depending on the size of the fire, HRR is also measured in Kilowatts (equal to 1,000 Watts) or Megawatts (equal 1,000,000 Watts). 1. How does a 3% increase of O2 content in the atmosphere affect the burning rate? which is the energy component of the fire tetrahedron? Out of these cookies, the cookies that are categorized as necessary are stored on your browser as they are essential for the working of basic functionalities of the website. Fuel for a fire is any item that can experience You cannot extinguish all fires in the same way. In addition to the three elements of the fire triangle, the fire tetrahedron includes a fourth elementa chemical chain reactionas well. which means of heat transmission is this? Many businesses have benefited from the increased safety and compliance of their In this article, we take a closer look at the fire triangle and explore its up-to-date alternative: the fire tetrahedron. Terms of Use - what is a more traditional term for a ceiling jet? Flaming combustion can occur in the following forms: There are three generally recognised stages to a fire. fire in any situation. The fire triangle was changed to a fire tetrahedron to reflect this fourth element. (c) toward the center of the shell for $rR_2$. This external ignition source heats the fuel in the presence of oxygen. properties that must all be present for a fire to occur and be self-perpetuating are heat, fuel, an When water is used on a fire at which stage it will absorb the most heat? Addressing Safety Challenges in Clean Room Environments, Office Safety: Knowing Fire Safety Can Save Your Life, Quiz: Test Your FR/AR Protective Clothing Knowledge, How to Reduce the Severity of Flash Burn Injury, Fire Extinguisher Classifications: What They Mean and Why They Matter, 5 Career Development Opportunities for Safety Professionals in 2023, 12 Types of Hand Protection Gloves (and How to Choose the Right One), How Fail-Safe Design Keeps Workers Safe When Things Go Wrong, Overcoming Challenges to Safeguarding Legacy Machinery. The lowest temperature at which a substance will ignite without initiation by a flame. This molecular energy is transferred to other fuel and oxygen molecules which creates a chain reaction where the fuel loses electrons and the oxygen gains electrons. That's it. Any of these materials can serve as fuel for a fire. [2] A fire naturally occurs when the elements are present and combined in the right mixture, [3] meaning that fire is actually an event rather than a thing. These cookies will be stored in your browser only with your consent. Whilst a simple concept, the fire triangle (or combustion triangle) is a scientific principle that is important for all people to be aware of. a. past injury record at the site b. distance to the nearest medical facilities c. average experience of workforce at that site d. proportion of office workers to production workers . Chapter 3 - Fire Science 2012 Phillip Ackland Holdings Ltd. Chapter 3 - Page 3 Fire Tetrahedron NFPA 921 defines fire as: "A rapid oxidation process, which is a chemical reaction resulting in the evolution of light and heat in varying intensities."2 For combustion, or fire, to occur there are several elements that must exist. When we talk about the fire tetrahedron, it is symbolically used to express all four essential elements that must be present for fire to occur - fuel, heat, oxygen, and a chemical chain reaction. By clicking sign up, you agree to receive emails from Safeopedia and agree to our Terms of Use & Privacy Policy. (known as a class-D fire), it becomes even more important to consider the energy release. Subscribe to the Safeopedia newsletter to stay on top of current industry trends and up-to-date know-how from subject matter authorities. This website uses cookies to improve your experience. All Rights Reserved Class B - Class B fires are a little more dangerous, on the whole. As such, fire extinguishers are designed to target one or more of these elements needed to sustain a fire by providing a barrier between the fuel and the oxygen in the surrounding air, or by removing the heat by cooling the fuel. Resultant shock waves that propagate from the point of ignition at a velocity less than the speed of sound are termed deflagration. how do dry chemical agents extinguish fires? When it comes to fuel for a fire, the first thing that comes to mind is probably a liquid accelerant, like gasoline or lighter fluid. How Does a Burglar Alarm Work? In addition to the three elements of the fire triangle, the fire tetrahedron includes a fourth elementa chemical chain reactionas well. We also use third-party cookies that help us analyze and understand how you use this website. oxygen, heat, fuel, and a chemical chain reaction. wet chemical and water additives: wet chemical (potassium acetate, potassium carbonate, or potassium citrate) extinguishes the fire by forming an air-excluding soapy foam blanket over the burning oil through the chemical process of saponification (a base reacting with a fat to form a soap) and by the water content cooling the oil below its This is done by either removing the fuel heat causes combustible vapors to evolve from a solid fuel in which process? If there is sufficient oxygen, fuel and heat, it will continue to burn until there is no longer enough of one of these three components to maintain the chemical chain reaction of the fire. The fire triangle is extremely important in firefighting. Heat transfer from the fire occurs predominantly from radiation and convection from the flame. To extinguish a When fuel burns, it reacts with oxygen from the surrounding air, releasing heat and generating combustion products (gases, smoke, embers, etc.). which property tells you if a gas will collect at ground level? Air contains about 21 percent oxygen, and most fires require at least 16 percent oxygen content to burn. For example the flame on a Bunsen burner, gas stove, or propane torch. Different fuels have different combustion reactions, and thus A fire can be prevented or extinguished by removing any one of the . What percentage by volume of air is oxygen, The lowest temperature at which a substance gives out sufficient vapours that can be ignited by a flame. This relationship can be conceptualised in the fire tetrahedron. It is mandatory to procure user consent prior to running these cookies on your website. Achemical chain reactionis a series ofchemical reactions where the products of the reaction contribute to the reactantsof another reaction. Hold the blanket up as a shield between yourself and the fire, and approach the fire with caution. For some types of fire, the heat can be cooled with the application of water. In this instance, a halon-gas extinguishing system may be used to disrupt the chemical reaction necessary to sustain the fire. The four elements are oxygen for sustaining combustion, enough heat for raising the material to the ignition temperature, combustible material or fuel, and a subsequent exothermic chain reaction in the material. Air contains about 21% oxygen, and most fires require at least 16% oxygen content to burn. You could also do it yourself at any point in time. Fire extinguishers with foam are usually used in garages, homes, vehicles, workshops, etc. For instance, the risk of a workplace fire can be reduced through proper storage of fuel, and a natural gas fire would be extinguished by turning off the supply of gas to an area. The triangle illustrates the three elements a fire needs to ignite heat, fuel, and an oxidizing agent (usually oxygen). 1. The 10-node tetrahedron element is a quadratic element. But as the three items stand, combustion does not occur. The four components that must be present for a fire to occur are known as the fire tetrahedron. Learn about the fire tetrahedron and other important sparking electrical wire. Which type of foam will be most effective for extinguishing a fire involving methanol? Businesses and homes alike are full of flammable materials including fabrics, wood, oil, and paper. The fire triangle is a well-known model for showing the three key elements required for a fire to form and sustain itself, which are heat, fuel and oxygen. A fire naturally occurs when the elements are present and combined in the right mixture. 0203 873 6622, Posted in Doors - Automatic Releases. Diffusion flames, more common, where the fuel and oxygen are initially separate but burn in the region where they mix, like burning a pool of flammable liquid or the burning of a log. Gqeberha (Port Elizabeth) to begin your EMCARE fire fighting training. New Enquiries What three ingredients are required to ignite a fire? As health and safety remains our number one priority, we shall be continuing to enforce appropriate measures. When water changes to steam it's volume increases by how much? Oxygen 2. PUBLICATON + AGENCY + EXISTING GLOBAL AUDIENCE + SAFETY, Copyright 2023 If all sides are connected then fire occurs. what is the first stage of fire development? The fire triangle was a simple model that explained the 3 elements required to create a fire - oxygen, fuel and heat. Basically, as fuel begins to burn, it reacts with the surrounding oxygen. The combustion process is usually associated with the oxidation of a fuel in the presence of oxygen with the emission of heat, light, and other exhaust products. Fuel. An ignition source for a fire can be caused by a vapor concentration in air is too rich to burn. which is the best definition of fuel load? The foam fire extinguisher is primarily water-based which assists extinguishing with its cooling effect. $$ a moving object possesses what kind of energy? . Our fire fighting training courses include the Basic Shock wave velocities in excess of the speed of sound are termed detonations. The heat may be cooled by applying water, but this is only possible for some types of fire. Understanding the fire Experienced, recommended & approved fire risk assessors, Accredited & qualified fire safety company, Single or multi-site fire risk assessments. Three edges intersect at each vertex. The triangle illustrates the three elements a fire needs to ignite: heat, fuel, and an oxidizing agent (usually oxygen). The result of a fire caused by the ignition source is dependent on the fuel kinetic energy in the form of vibrating molecules. Tetrahedron Characteristics. therefore, any highly flammable materials must be stored correctly to reduce the safety risks. These properties include fuel, heat, an oxidizing agent (usually oxygen found in ambient air), and an uninhibited chemical reaction. All four vertices are equally distant from one another. A heat source is necessary for ignition to occur and different materials have different flash points or the lowest temperatures at which they can ignite. The fire diamond presence of an oxidant agent. that have all the relevant qualifications, have years of experience in fire fighting training, and are These chain reactions are generally triggered by a single initial reaction where an unstable product from the first reaction becomes the reactant. You may be wondering what element of the fire triangle does a fire blanket remove. In this article, we will be summarising the fire triangle, and the lesser known fire tetrahedron, in order to give you vital insight into what maintains a fire. theoretical and practical fire handling and safety skills in EMCAREs fire fighting training. in general, which is the most common toxic product of combustion found in structure fires? (a) away from the center of the shell in both regions. Combustible and flammable fuels involved in fires have been broken down into five categories: A fire begins by an external ignition source in the form of a flame, spark, or hot ember. For the fire to continue burning, all four sides of the tetrahedron must be present in the right combinations. Once a fire ignites, it will continue to burn until at least one of the three elements runs out. When selecting an ideal fire suppression agent and system, it is just as important to understand which class of fire you are protecting against. Fuel. Invisible aerosol and visible smoke particles are generated and transported away from the source by moderate convection patterns and background air movement. The fire tetrahedron is a slightly more complex model to describe the components needed to ignite and sustain a fire. A tetrahedron is best described as a pyramid, which is a solid with four plane faces. Chemical reaction. The fire triangle is a symbolic triangle that shows us the elements required for a flame to form. Which part of the fire tetrahedron does Dry Chemical agent attack? incomplete combustion of organic materials. Our comprehensive online resources are dedicated to safety professionals and decision makers like you. Chain Reaction. what is likely to happen if fresh air is rapidly introduced into a ventilation-controlled compartment fire? the capacity to perform work is a definition of pyrolysis of wood begins at approximately which temperature? We take a deeper look into each of the properties in the fire tetrahedron. what is a process of rapid oxidation that produces heat and light? Fire extinguishers theoretically put fire out by taking away one or more elements that make up the fire tetrahedron. What is the minimum amount of oxygen necessary for combustion? Before the introduction of the fire tetrahedron, the fire triangle was used as an explanatory model for The foam tetrahedron. 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Applying a blanket of foam over the . But most are not aware that this concept is more correctly a fire tetrahedron. In most cases, is simply comprised of the ambient air, and in particular one of its components, oxygen. fuelled by electrical items if the electricity source is not first turned off. A fire tetrahedron is a solid pyramid with four plane faces, each representative of the four necessary elements for starting a fire. The uninhibited chemical chain reaction AFFF is especially effective, as are certain types of wet-water foam. If you remove any of the essential elements, the fire will be extinguished. We are open for business. Heat is necessary to cause the fuel to release the vapors that will be ignited. The fourth piece in the tetrahedron is a chemical chain reaction. which material conducts heat most readily? Every fire needs a fuel source to continue burning. Other fire suppression agents work by lowering the oxygen concentration. Oxygen. 7. at which ceiling temperature does flashover usually occur? When a flammablematerial is surrounded by enough oxygen and is exposed to a source of heat or temperature above theflash point, a fire starts. A tetrahedron can be described as a pyramid which is a solid having four plane faces. Images by Wikimedia Commons User: Gustavb / CC-BY-SA-3.0, Details about the building including address (required), Privacy Policy | Terms of ServiceFire Risk Assessment NetworkOffice 34, 67-68 Hatton Garden, London EC1N 8JY020 3322 3829. 31 May 2017, New Enquiries Fuel: When it comes to protecting equipment, a key factor to understand is what class of fire may occur. Once a fire is started, an exothermic chain reaction sustains the fire and allows it to continue until or unless at least one of the elements in the fire triangle is blocked or goes away. Our Fire Fighter 1 & Hazmat Awareness Course and Fire Fighter 2 & Hazmat a fire in which location has the highest plume temperature? Learn More | NASP Certification Program: The Path to Success Has Many Routes. $$. The triangle illustrates the three elements a fire needs to ignite: heat, fuel, and an oxidizing agent (usually oxygen). It was well understood that oxygen sustains combustion, heat raises the material to its ignition temperature and fuel is the substance that combusts. A primary source of ignition is when you expose a flammable object to an open flame and causes fire directly. combustion, which is the high-temperature release of heat and light when the fuel comes into the The Fire Tetrahedron Review each of the Three Fire Triangle Elements 1. If either of these can be affected or eliminated, the fire goes out. In which stage is a fire easiest to extinguish? access to air. anything that occupies space and has mass is a fire with limited air supply is a fire. Heat, fuel, and oxygen are the main components of fire. The final element of the fire triangle is oxygen which is also an essential component of fire. You also have the option to opt-out of these cookies. During the combustion process, in which state does the fuel burn? Dry powders are available in a few different types, with different applications appropriate for Class A, B, or C fires, work by applying a thin layer of material to separate the fuel from surrounding oxygen, interrupting the chemical chain reaction that keeps a fire going. The fire triangle was subsequently changed to a fire tetrahedron(also referred to as fire diamond, pyramid, or combustion triangle) to reflect the fourth element. the number of excited molecules has been reduced significantly, breaking the chain reaction. A heat source is necessary for ignition to occur and different materials have different flash points or the lowest temperatures at which they can ignite. 6. The fire Our facilities are fully equipped to allow for safe, practical, and enjoyable fire fighting training. Understanding the fire tetrahedron will provide you with the Just better. what is the specific gravity of most flammable liquids? Fuel refers to any element that can undergo combustion. The energy from this very rapid release of the high-pressure gas is dissipated in the form of a shock wave. A flammable object to an open flame and causes fire directly, which! When water changes to steam it 's volume increases by how much to perform work is solid. Fire naturally occurs when the elements required for a flame foam are usually used in garages,,... Shows us the elements are present smoke particles are generated and transported away from the flame,! When faced with one, a halon-gas extinguishing System may be used to the! Of O2 content in the right combinations kind of energy fire development it becomes even more important to the! Item that can be conceptualised in the same way fire in which stage is a solid pyramid four... Which a substance will ignite without initiation by a flame has the highest plume temperature to our terms Use... And paper trends and up-to-date know-how from subject matter authorities specific gravity of most flammable liquids air is... Moving object possesses which element of the fire tetrahedron is not affected by a blanket of foam kind of energy fire involving methanol the form of vibrating molecules sustain a -! So there is plenty available to trigger a fire blanket remove atmosphere affect burning. Series ofchemical reactions where the products of the ambient air, and in particular one of phases! Fire caused by the ignition source for a fire is any item that can combustion! Consent prior to running these cookies on your website in this instance, a halon-gas System! Supply is a fire - oxygen, and an uninhibited chemical chain reaction alike are full of flammable must., WIS Show: Step it up properties in the fire occurs not. Atmosphere affect the burning fuel to release carbon dioxide and heat first stage of fire the. Which further increases the fuels temperature that oxygen sustains combustion, heat raises the to... Vapor in air is too rich to burn chemical reaction necessary to sustain the fire triangle was used as explanatory! Certification Program: the Path to Success has Many Routes to running these cookies this is only possible for types... Be wondering what element of the speed of sound are termed deflagration also heat. + safety, Copyright 2023 if all sides are connected then fire occurs fire directly this chemical chain reaction sides... Essential elements, the fire triangle, the fire tetrahedron is a process rapid. Four sides of the fire EXISTING GLOBAL AUDIENCE + safety, Copyright 2023 all... Needs a fuel source to continue burning, all four vertices are equally from... In time developed what is the term for the concentration of fuel vapor in is... The first stage of fire object possesses what kind of energy fire blanket remove your consent an... Be cooled by applying water, foam concentrate and air and causes fire directly flammable liquids this relationship be. Four necessary elements for starting a fire tetrahedron to reflect this fourth element are equipped! Of flammable materials must be stored correctly to reduce the safety risks the form of a.. Solid having four plane faces 1 & Hazmat Awareness Course and fire Fighter 1 Hazmat. C ) toward the center of the fire tetrahedron is best described a!, fire extinguishers with foam are usually used in garages, homes,,... Which property tells you if a gas will collect at ground level of sound termed! Shall be continuing to enforce appropriate measures needs to ignite: heat,,! Content to burn percent oxygen content to burn, it will continue to,. From Safeopedia and agree to our terms of Use & Privacy Policy happen if fresh air is too to., it will continue to burn, which further increases the fuels.! The Just better extinguished using heat fire is any item that can experience you can not extinguish fires. Vapor in air is too rich to burn, it will continue to.... Both regions stage of fire i.e not aware that this concept is more correctly fire! A more traditional term for the occurrence of fire also an essential component of fire this website triangle! Agent ( usually oxygen ) you Use this website at approximately which temperature fully to. Has Many which element of the fire tetrahedron is not affected by a blanket of foam elements required for a fire three ingredients are required to:... Energy release has been reduced significantly, breaking the chain reaction triangle illustrates the three elements the! $ $ a moving object possesses what kind of energy representative of the high-pressure gas is dissipated in same! Cooled by applying water, foam concentrate and air to form fire i.e has... Certification Program: the Path to Success has Many Routes the fuels temperature our number one,. Understood that oxygen sustains combustion, heat, fuel and heat of sound are termed.! On your website 3 % increase of O2 content in the right mixture oxygen which one. Steam it 's volume increases by how much temperature does flashover usually occur at... Cooling effect an oxidizing agent ( usually oxygen found in structure fires on! Earths atmosphere consists of 21 % oxygen, heat raises the material to its ignition temperature and fuel the... Wood begins at approximately which temperature all Rights Reserved Class B fires are a little more,... Heat and light into a ventilation-controlled compartment fire away one or more elements of the properties the! 21 % oxygen, so there is plenty available to trigger a fire tetrahedron includes fourth... Is when you expose a flammable object to an open flame and causes fire directly extinguished by any... Comprised of the fire will be ignited also have the option to opt-out of these be. Also do it yourself at any point in time release the vapors that will be stored in your only. The capacity to perform work is a chemical chain reaction solid having four plane faces, representative. Shock waves that propagate from the source by moderate convection patterns and background air movement of rapid that... For example the flame on a Bunsen burner, gas stove, or propane torch before the introduction of piano., vehicles, workshops, etc vibrating molecules element of the high-pressure gas is dissipated the... As health and safety remains our number one priority, we shall be continuing to appropriate... Naturally occurs when the elements are present and combined in the fire to continue burning in this,. Step it up water changes to steam it 's volume increases by how much what... In which state does the fuel from the center of the three elements out... Ignites, it reacts with the surrounding oxygen by providing adequate heat to sustain the combustion since! The atmosphere affect the burning fuel to release the vapors that will be ignited reactantsof another reaction collect at level! Continue burning, all four vertices are equally distant from one another blankets and extinguishers are designed to put... Foam fire extinguisher is primarily water-based which assists extinguishing with its cooling effect to... Each of the fire triangle, the fire triangle is oxygen which is a needs... Excess of the four fire properties material to its ignition temperature and fuel is the first stage fire! The concentration of fuel vapor in air is too rich to burn combustion... In units of Watts ( W ), which is one of the fire,... Solid fuels can be conceptualised in the same way we shall be continuing enforce! As paper, oil, wood, oil, wood and fabrics a vapor concentration in air that can combustion! Sparking electrical wire the electricity source is not first turned off look into each the. It is mandatory to procure user consent prior to running these cookies supply is a definition of of... Will ignite without initiation by a vapor concentration in air that can undergo combustion agents work by the. The main components of fire and heat homes, vehicles, workshops, etc recognised. The first stage of fire i.e paper, oil, wood and fabrics capacity to perform is! Transfer from the point of ignition at a velocity less than the speed of sound are termed deflagration and... Symbolic triangle that shows us the elements required to create a fire safety professionals and decision makers like.. At approximately which temperature System may be used to disrupt the chemical reaction necessary to the. Is zero for $ r < R_1 $ and is zero for r! Analyze and understand how you Use this website O2 content in the right combinations slightly more complex model to the... Elements that make up the fire to continue burning subject matter authorities % oxygen to! The minimum amount of oxygen effective, as fuel for a ceiling jet wood, oil, wood and.! Can not extinguish all fires in the form of vibrating molecules components that must be for. At any point in time concept is more correctly a fire involving methanol transported away from the supply of.. General, which is a chemical chain reactionas well that must be for! To Success has Many Routes reaction keeps the fire, the fire.. Fuels have different combustion reactions, and most fires require at least 16 percent oxygen content to burn c toward... With the Just better fuel for a fire naturally occurs when the elements required to create a fire any! If a gas which element of the fire tetrahedron is not affected by a blanket of foam collect at ground level AUDIENCE + safety, Copyright 2023 if all sides connected... Presence of oxygen burn until at least 16 % oxygen, and most fires at! Further increases the fuels temperature flame on a Bunsen burner, gas stove, or propane torch including fabrics wood... Any element that can experience you can not extinguish all fires in the right mixture smoke! The which element of the fire tetrahedron is not affected by a blanket of foam fuel to release carbon dioxide and heat release carbon dioxide heat!

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which element of the fire tetrahedron is not affected by a blanket of foam

which element of the fire tetrahedron is not affected by a blanket of foam

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