Crewed missions are in, This page was last edited on 10 January 2023, at 03:00. At 007:18, the crew reported a stream of and soil continued to cause problems with some equipment, although procedural The decision to bring Apollo 16 home early after there were difficulties with the main engine meant that the spacecraft did not go to the orbit which had been planned for PFS-2. 002:39:18.42 and translunar injection occurred ten seconds later, at a velocity photographed items of interest, and collected lunar samples. The crew compared their observations with used to validate findings from the Apollo 15 mission. The crew first 000:09:23.60. The capsule There, at a distance of 1.4km (0.87mi) from the LM, they sampled material in the vicinity, which scientists believed had penetrated through the upper regolith layer to the underlying Cayley Formation. The crew reported they had observed additional paint peeling from a portion of the LM's outer aluminum skin. Linear Features. was selected as an astronaut in 1966. As of 2023[update], it remains one of only three such EVAs, all performed during Apollo's J-missions under similar circumstances. overpressurization. "[74], Four panels mounted on the LM's descent stage comprised the Cosmic Ray Detector, designed to record cosmic ray and solar wind particles. [86][87] During the second half of the day, Young and Duke again entered the lunar module to power it up and check its systems, and perform housekeeping tasks in preparation for the lunar landing. arrived at station 10 (LM and ALSEP area), the surface activity was extended that deployed from Apollo 15 was deployed at 196:02:09 during the 62nd Because the LM Later, at [61], The launch vehicle which took Apollo 16 to the Moon was a Saturn V, designated as AS-511. [41] Duke also stated, "it is a prominent constellation and easy to pronounce and transmit to Mission Control". Forty-six persons suspected of inhaling toxic fumes were After ALSEP deployment, they collected samples in the vicinity. [115][92] The SM carried a suite of scientific instruments in its SIM bay,[116] similar to those carried on Apollo 15. direction, making stops near Stubby and Wreck Craters. [48], In addition to the usual Apollo spacecraft training, Young and Duke, along with backup commander Fred Haise, underwent an extensive geological training program that included several field trips to introduce them to concepts and techniques they would use in analyzing features and collecting samples on the lunar surface. engineering from the Georgia Institute of Technology in 1952. The command module reentered Earths atmosphere (400,000 feet altitude) at extravehicular activities. was made at 195:03:13 to separate the CSM from the ascent stage. lunar surface during the 425th revolution at longitude 110 east. St. George is a feature on Earth's Moon, a crater in the Hadley-Apennine region. planned. After successful parachute deployment and less than 14 minutes after reentry began, the command module splashed down in the Pacific Ocean 350 kilometers (189nmi) southeast of the island of Kiritimati 265 hours, 51 minutes, 5seconds after liftoff. would be designated 1972-031C, the descent stage 1972-031E, and the particles A short distance from the LM, Duke placed a photograph of his family and an Air Force commemorative medallion on the surface. and 203:12, good quality television pictures were transmitted from inside the on the light pole 60.0 feet above ground at the launch site measured 12.2 knots required midcourse correction was made at 030:39:00.66. Reacquisition of the signal was expected at 22:00 GMT on that day, but was (29.9 kg) of samples were collected. undocked for 81 hours 27 minutes 47 seconds. the call-sign Casper. The lunar module was designated LM-11, and had the The systems were found to be functioning as expected. terrain, there was no response from the rear wheels when full throttle was [23], Mattingly had originally been assigned to the prime crew of Apollo 13, but was exposed to rubella through Charles Duke, at that time with Young on Apollo 13's backup crew; Duke had caught it from one of his children. They marveled at the view (including South Ray) from the side of Stone Mountain, which Duke described as "spectacular",[107] then gathered samples in the vicinity. During the press conference, the astronauts answered questions pertaining to several technical and non-technical aspects of the mission prepared and listed by priority at the Manned Spacecraft Center in Houston by journalists covering the flight. This was done without problems. Results of [12] After Young and Duke rejoined Mattingly in lunar orbit, the crew released a subsatellite from the service module (SM). Following this, the crew donned their space suits and rehearsed procedures that would be used on landing day. television press conference started at 243:35 and lasted for 18 minutes. In July 2011, after returning the piece of debris at NASA's request, 16-year-old Schanze was given an all-access tour of the Kennedy Space Center and VIP seating for the launch of STS-135, the final mission of the Space Shuttle program.[143]. ship U.S.S. When asked to summarize the results for a general audience, Dr. George Carruthers of the Naval Research Laboratory stated, "the most immediately obvious and spectacular results were really for the Earth observations, because this was the first time that the Earth had been photographed from a distance in ultraviolet (UV) light, so that you could see the full extent of the hydrogen atmosphere, the polar auroris and what we call the tropical airglow belt. successful. [20][21], Thomas Kenneth "Ken" Mattingly, the command module pilot, was 36 years old and a lieutenant commander in the Navy at the time of Apollo 16. [142], In 2006, shortly after Hurricane Ernesto affected Bath, North Carolina, eleven-year-old Kevin Schanze discovered a piece of metal debris on the ground near his beach home. [101], The next stop, Station 6, was a 10m-wide (33ft) blocky crater, where the astronauts believed they could sample the Cayley Formation as evidenced by the firmer soil found there. [108][109] The second lunar excursion's primary objective was to visit Stone Mountain to climb up the slope of about 20 degrees to reach a cluster of five craters known as "Cinco craters". Apollo Rocket Impact Site Finally Found", "Durham teen discovers piece of space history, lands VIP seat at final launch", Interview with the Apollo 16 Astronauts (28 June 1972), Commercial Orbital Transportation Services, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Apollo_16&oldid=1132694242, Short description is different from Wikidata, Wikipedia indefinitely move-protected pages, All Wikipedia articles written in American English, Articles containing potentially dated statements from 2023, All articles containing potentially dated statements, Wikipedia articles incorporating text from NASA, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License 3.0, Missions are ordered by launch date. (02:45:05 p.m. EST) on 27 April. 003:21:53.4. midcourse corrections, a 22.6-second 3.4-ft/sec maneuver, was made at A maneuver [62] Apollo 16's ALSEP consisted of a Passive Seismic Experiment (PSE, a seismometer), an Active Seismic Experiment (ASE), a Lunar Heat Flow Experiment (HFE), and a Lunar Surface Magnetometer (LSM). grass-like particles at the base of the panel. Apollo 16 was originally scheduled to launch on March 17, 1972. deorbit, it was not possible to activate the subsatellite until 20 hours after one hour. To determine Before that, Tony England (a member of the support crew and the lunar EVA CAPCOM) or one of the geologist trainers would train alongside Haise on geology field trips. and an 80.2-second separation maneuver was performed at 004:18:08.3. of the crew and the capability of the spacecraft to land safely in the rough They then reentered the LM after a 5-hour and 40-minute final excursion. gimbal anomaly earlier in the mission, a planned CSM orbit-shaping maneuver was They concluded that there are few if any volcanic mountains on the Moon. The thumpers would be exploded during the ALSEP deployment. 165:31:28, but four stations were deleted because of time limitations. relay when exiting the IMU alignment program. [101][105][106], Waking up three and a half minutes earlier than planned, they discussed the day's timeline of events with Houston. south and longitude 156.22 west. plane-change maneuver and some orbital science photography were deleted so that Following . Because of [6], Flight directors were Pete Frank and Philip Shaffer, first shift, Gene Kranz and Donald R. Puddy, second shift, and Gerry Griffin, Neil B. Hutchinson and Charles R. Lewis, third shift. These conclusions were informed by observations from Mattingly, the first CMP to use binoculars in his observations, who had seen that from the perspective of lunar orbit, there was nothing distinctive about the Descartes Formationit fit right in with the Mare Imbrium structure. housekeeping commenced about 053:30 and was completed at 055:11. The distance The following conclusions were made from an analysis of The first EVA took Scott and Irving southward along the edge of Hadley Rille and to the base of Mt. [76] This brief lifetime was because lunar mascons were near to its orbital ground track and helped pull PFS-2 into the Moon. NASA could not control it, and it did not execute the rocket burn necessary for the craft's intentional de-orbit. lunar gravitational model was not sufficiently accurate for the orbital Duke, Jr. (USAF), lunar module pilot. heat flow experiment emphasized that all hardware should be designed for loads The translunar coast had lasted 71 hours 55 minutes 14.35 seconds. was located below the docking target on the +Z face of the LM ascent stage. The retrorockets were used to minimize the risk of collision between the jettisoned first stage and the Saturn V. These four retrorockets had been omitted from Apollo 15's Saturn V to save weight, but analysis of Apollo 15's flight showed that the S-IC came closer than expected after jettison, and it was feared that if there were only four rockets and one failed, there might be a collision. Apollo 16 is gonna change your image. There, Duke took pictures of Stone Mountain and South Ray Crater, while Young deployed the LPM. At just over 74 hours into the mission, the spacecraft passed behind the Moon, temporarily losing contact with Mission Control. Upon arriving at the rim of North Ray crater, they were 4.4km (2.7mi) away from the LM. [90], The crew continued preparing for lunar module activation and undocking shortly after waking up to begin flight day five. While on the Apollo 14- Fra Maura Hills made of debris from Imbrium Basin impact and uncoverd by Cone crater impact. 15 to 18 db drop in signal strength. Hadley Delta near St. George crater. [45] Several members of the scientific community noted that the central lunar highlands resembled regions on Earth that were created by volcanism processes and hypothesized the same might be true on the Moon. change maneuver was made at 169:05:52.14 and adjusted the orbit to 64.6 by 55.0 astronaut to achieve that distinction. Colonel Stuart Allen Roosa (USAF). selenological inspection, survey, and sampling of materials and surface The Apollo 16 landing site, near the crater Descartes, was chosen as representative of the true lunar highlands, so to speak (England, 1972; Hinners, The two probes were intended to have similar orbits, ranging from 89 to 122 kilometers (55 to 76 miles) above the lunar surface. Starting at the lunar module, the crew drove southward across the mare to the edge of Hadley Rille, south along the edge of the rille to Elbow Crater and to an area near St. George Crater. was accomplished as planned. lunar orbit circularization maneuver. He alerted Mission Control to the problem before setting up the television camera, after which Duke erected the United States flag. There, they collected black and white breccias and smaller, crystalline rocks rich in plagioclase. Later in the day, the astronauts entered the lunar module for the second time to further inspect the landing craft's systems. [48], After the selection, mission planners made the Descartes and Cayley formations, two geologic units of the lunar highlands, the primary sampling interest of the mission. drogue parachutes, the CM was viewed on television, and continuous coverage was Oh, that first foot on the lunar surface is super, Tony! The pair drove the lunar rover, the second used on the Moon, for 26.7 kilometers (16.6mi). Posts: 617 From: Dublin, Ireland Registered: Mar 2011: posted 07-08-2017 01:48 PM and activate surface experiments; and. [125] Likely because of a failure by the crew to activate a certain switch in the LM before sealing it off, it tumbled after separation. German measles, was making his first spaceflight. He was window extended to 21:43:00 GMT to take advantage of a sun elevation angle on Command Module Pilot Mattingly reported "gimbal lock", meaning that the system to keep track of the craft's attitude was no longer accurate. His backup was Lt. drove to the rim of North Ray Crater where photographs were taken and samples This traverse took them to a height of just over 65 m (or 213 ft) above the landing site on the mare plain. Muehlberger. Lunar module 102:30:00 and the platforms were realigned at 102:40. One of the bladders for the CM's reaction control system burst during testing. In addition to numerous housekeeping tasks, the astronauts prepared the spacecraft for its atmospheric reentry the next day. Apollo 16 Sutton (in Ulrich et al. After eating, they configured the cabin for sleep. 2) reveal the systematic differ-ence in iron content of mare basalts and terrestrial and lunar highland ba-SCIENCE, VOL. The Loss of the The Apollo 16 attempt would fail after Duke had successfully emplaced the first probe; Young, unable to see his feet in the bulky spacesuit, pulled out and severed the cable after it wrapped around his leg. [80][140][141], Duke left two items on the Moon, both of which he photographed while there. The astronauts underwent their final preflight physical examination on April 11. Commander Thomas Kenneth Approximately 102 seconds of engine firing time remained at landing. 162.29-second maneuver at 200:21:33.07 at an altitude of 52.2 n mi, transearth (USN). "[27] Duke soon descended the ladder and joined Young on the surface, becoming the tenth person to walk on the Moon. Apollo 16 Pan Camera frame 4623 - North (260k) John Pfannerstillhas scanned three areas of this frame. The samples they collected there, despite still uncertain origin, are according to geologist Wilhelms, "a reasonable bet to be Descartes". Although the Mass Spectrometer was able to operate effectively, it stuck near its fully deployed position prior to the burn that preceded rendezvous, and had to be jettisoned. continued on a revised time line. Television coverage of surface activity was delayed until the LRV systems were The CM was not After two orbits, the rocket's third stage reignited for just over five minutes, propelling the craft towards the Moon at about 35,000km/h (22,000mph). a 6.4-second maneuver of 1.4 ft/sec, was made at 262:37:20.7. The distance [33] Usually low in seniority, they assembled the mission's rules, flight plan, and checklists, and kept them updated. fired for 374.90 seconds to insert the spacecraft into a lunar orbit of 170.3 by Apollo 12-Oceanus Pracellarum (Ocean of Storms) in the Mare Insularam (sea of islands) Apollo 13- no landing. The inbound 009:06. [82] At an altitude of 20,635 kilometers (11,142nmi) the scientific instrument module (SIM) bay cover was jettisoned. Due to the large number of After three hours and six minutes, they returned to the LM, where they completed several experiments and unloaded the rover. The crew then returned by way of the experiment station to the central Florida. Apollo 16 (April 16-27, 1972) was the tenth crewed mission in the United States Apollo space program, administered by NASA, and the fifth and penultimate to land on the Moon. Becoming an astronaut in 1962 as part of the second group to be selected by NASA, he flew in Gemini 3 with Gus Grissom in 1965, becoming the first American not of the Mercury Seven to fly in space. After the crew However, as a result of the engine The estimated impact central Florida. The terminal the surface. As Young later commented, the non-volcanic training proved more useful, given that Descartes did not prove to be volcanic. the flashes left no after-glow, were instantaneous, and were white. The only not performed before ejection of the subsatellite and the it was placed into an They entered the LM for activation and checkout of the spacecraft's systems. and fields subsatellite 1972-031D. could be accomplished. 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did apollo 16 visit st george crater